Theta Knowledge base
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– Attension, Biolin –
Standard Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil Against Water by the Ring Method
This application note describes the measurement of interfacial tension between oil and water under non- equilibrium conditions by using the ring method according to the ASTM standard.
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– Attension –
Contact angle – What is it and how do you measure it?
Contact angle, θ (theta), is a quantitative measure of wetting of a solid by a liquid. The behavior of single drop on a surface tells you a lot about the…
Attension® Theta Optical Tensiometers
Attension® Picoliter Dispenser
Product Overview
The Picoliter Dispenser is based on piezo-driven inkjet printing technology, and can dispense droplets as small as 20 picoliters. With a volume this small, a drop diameter of less than 100 µm is possible, depending on the contact angle formed.
Module Features:
The Theta Pico leverages the Attension Theta Flow‘s hallmark automation capabilities to remove user-dependent variation in contact angle measurements, enabling each experiment to be repeated with a high level of precision.
- Can be used to measure the contact angle even on the smallest surfaces of less than 100 µm.
- can create droplets as small as 20 pl.
